In the scenario of international and national health crisis resulting from the Coronavirus pandemic or COVID 19, the situation of vulnerability of the migrant population residing in Chile has worsened, mainly considering that they are engaged in informal work, street selling of products and other precarious jobs without a work contract. Currently, as a result of preventive measures for the spread of coronavirus, social isolation and mandatory quarantine in several municipalities nationwide, the migrant population using FMJ Care Centres has been left without sources of income to meet their personal and family food needs.
In the case of migrant women, a significant percentage of them were engaged in domestic service work, which has also left them without their source of employment, having to remain in their homes with the risk of increasing situations of Gender Violence, which has been observed at the level of the general population through the large increase in reported cases (70%) according to information provided by the Ministry of Women and Gender Equality through calls to telephones of the National Service for Women and Gender Equality and the Family Unit of the Police.
Added to this is the lack of formal and informal support networks and the overcrowding in which most of the user families live, which increases the risk of contagion.
Therefore, we are currently facing a situation of worsening vulnerability of migrant users of migrant care centres in the missions of Iquique, La Serena, Puente Alto, Talca and Temuco Fundación Madre Josefa, the product of a coronavirus pandemic, with high risk of infection of coronavirus and gender violence situations given their living conditions and support networks very weakened by the physical and social isolation in the country.
Many of these migrant families are unemployed, are heads of household, and their administrative situation in Chile is complex given that they entered the country through an unauthorised route and do not yet have their valid documentation, so they do not have the possibility of receiving economic or social support from the Chilean government. In addition, many of these families have breastfed children who are in nappies, which requires them to allocate their scarce funds to prioritize the needs of their babies.
With respect to violence against women, to date in 2020 there have been 29 femicides and 102 frustrated femicides. In the last 6 years there have been between 34 and 46 femicides per year. The HDI is 0.847, number 42 globally, but it is the most unequal of the top 50 countries, so the Index, when adjusted for inequality, falls to 0.696, down 14 places in the ranking. The Gender Development Index is 0.962, with the HDI for women at 0.828 and for men at 0.860 (2018). The incidence of income poverty in 2017 was 8.6%, while multidimensional poverty reaches 20.9% (including networks and social cohesion) and for those born outside Chile, it increases to 24.6% and 20.5% of those born in Chile.