Brazil, the fifth largest country in terms of size, reached 221.8 million inhabitants in 2020, according to an estimate by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics – IBGE. With immense cultural, natural, ethnic, economic and social diversity, it is one of the countries with the greatest disparity in income distribution.
According to information from social indicators, 25.4% of the population live at the poverty line and 1% of the richest hold almost a third of the national income (IBGE, 2018). From this perspective, the issue of social inequality is part of the historical context and the cycle of poverty that is hereditary in the country. Its reflexes are mainly expressed in the restriction of access to education, health, social protection, unequal wages, adequate housing, basic sanitation services (rubbish collection, water supply and sewage) and access to goods and services. The consequences of this are increased poverty, malnutrition, unemployment and violence.